Gay Marriages Make Them Legal: Rebuttal Essay

Thomas Stoddard’s Gay Marriages: Make Them Legal, has some valid points, but I am not convinced nor persuaded to agree that gay marriages should be legalized. Stoddard begins with the sad story of a gay couple. Karen Thompson and Sharon Kowalski who exchanged vows that were not recognized by the government, and were living with each other in a committed relationship until Kowalski was struck by a drunk driver, which left her paralyzed and unable to communicate more than a few words at a time (para 2). Thompson sought legal guardianship over her partner, which was denied, when Kowalski’s parents opposed the petition and were granted sole guardianship. Once Kowalski’s parents received guardianship over her they moved her to a nursing home 300 miles away from her partner and forbade all visits between the two (para 3). The story of Thomas and Kowalski is a sad story that no couple, gay or straight, should have to endure; however, I don’t believe legalizing gay marriages would have given their story a different outcome. Case in point: Terri Schiavo who was diagnosed by doctors as being in a persistent vegetative state stayed alive for several years via life-support despite the request of her husband to remove the support and allow Terri to expire arguing that his wife would not want to be kept alive by artificial means. Michael Schiavo petitioned the court to have his wife’s feeding tube removed; he was opposed by Terri’s parents Robert and Mary Schindler who argued she was conscious. The court ruled in Michael’s favor and had the feeding tubes removed only to have it reinstated after the Schindler’s filed an appeal. The appeal process went on from 2001 to 2005. After all attempts of appeals the court system upheld the original decision to remove the feeding tubes; 13 days later Terri died. Despite being the husband of Terri Schiavo Michael had to go through 14 appeals, 5 lawsuits, and numerous motions, going all the way up to the Supreme Court to have his wishes for his wife set forth. Being the legal husband of Teri made no difference, before he could allow his wishes to be set forth he had to do his due diligence in court. If Thompson would have sought all legal options and exhausted all of her appeals, it is possible that her case could have had a different outcome. Having their marriage legalized may not have given her the outcome she petitioned the court for, thus weakening the reasons behind legalizing gay marriage. The United States of America is based on Christian principles and in this country marriage has been defined as a religious and legal commitment between a man and a woman and we should uphold those beliefs. Homosexual marriage should not be encouraged, it confuses children about gender roles and weakens the definition and respect for the institution of marriage. If gay marriage were legal we would have to ask ourselves if it is in the best interest for the entire county. Stoddards has a point when he argues â€Å"The decision whether or not to marry belongs properly to individuals – not the government (para 6). Most would argue that the government does have the right to say what is legal and what is not. However, not all that is legal is moral, especially if it promotes moral deterioration of American society. For instance even though abortion is legal does it mean it’s moral? Our country should focus on things that are moral whether than the things we as a people feel are fair. If we legalize gay marriage, is that not a gateway for other immoral behavior? If that is the case, how then, do we expect to bring up future generation with morals and family values? Children learn about expectations of gender roles from their parents first, then society. It is difficult for parents to teach the importance and traditions of the family when the confusion of homosexual marriage is thrust upon them. Legalizing gay marriages will not set a good example for future generations. It will confuse our youth and encourage unhealthy behavior. For instance, an issue analysis done by Family Research Council advocating Faith, Family, and Freedom showed that the life expectancy at age twenty for gay and bisexual men is eight to twenty years fewer than for all men (FRC). In addition the Suicide Prevention Resource Center estimates that between thirty and forty percent of gay, and lesbian youth depending on age and sex groups, have attempted suicide and are four times more likely to attempt suicide than other young people (SPRC). With such statistics we should not allow our children to grow up believing that living a homosexual lifestyle is a healthy choice. If we do, it is possible these statistics will rise causing a larger percentage of our youth to die young. According to Stoddard â€Å"A married person can share in a spouse’s estate when there is no will. She is typically entitled to the group insurance and pension programs offered by the spouse’s employer, and she enjoys tax advantages† (para 5). Although these advantages are important, they are not as important as keeping our youth alive with good family morals and values. Lisa Schiffren in â€Å"Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron† had a valid point when she argued â€Å"Same – sex marriage is inherently incompatible with our culture’s understanding of the institution. Marriage is essentially a lifelong compact between a man and a woman committed to sexual exclusivity and the creation and nature of offspring. For most Americans, the marital union – as distinguished from other sexual relationships and legal and economic partnership – is imbued with an aspect of holiness (Schiffren 754)†. Allowing immoral acts that go against our country’s beliefs and value does not instill morals in our youth. Instead it will lead to our youth growing up with the mindset that anything goes and that there are no standards to live by; if they believe in it – it is justified. In order to preserve the values of the United Sates we, as a nation should guide our youth to follow our Constitution which is built on Christian faith. Although Stoddard and other gay rights advocates may argue that the government has no say in who shall marry and that same sex marriage will represent equality in all – they are not looking at foundation of this country. â€Å"Society cares about stability in heterosexual unions because it is critical for raising healthy children and transmitting the values that are the basis of our culture (Schiffren 724)†. Stoddard’s argument to legalize gay marriages based on allowing homosexuals to have the right to enjoy the benefits and laws of marriage is not strong enough to have the country’s values and beliefs compromised. We have to set the standard for our future; not doing so could lead to a nation where laws and values are not valued. Our youth would grow up confused on gender roles, not valuing the country’s Christian principles, and this country’s definition of marriage being defined as a religious and legal commitment between a man and a woman. Although we all have the right to commit ourselves to whomever we choose, one should not expect our country’s values and laws to change because he/she chooses to live outside of them. Works Cited Lane, Diane. â€Å"The Whole Terri Schiavo Story.† WND. N.p., 24 Mar. 2005. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. â€Å"The Negative Health Effects of Homosexuality.† The Negative Health Effects of Homosexuality. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Suicidal Behavior among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth.† SPRC. American Association of Suicidology (AAS), 2012. Web. 04 Feb. 2013. Barnet, Sylvan, Hugo Adam. Bedau, and Thomas Stoddard. â€Å"Gay Marriage Make Them Legal.† Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999. N. pag. Print Schiffren, Lisa. â€Å"Marriage: What Is Its Future.† Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings. By Sylvan Barnet and Hugo Adam. Bedau. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2002. 723-24. Print

One Hundred Years of Solitude by Marquz – Destructive Consequences of Solitude IOP

Solitude is defined as remoteness from society or the state of being remote from others. In Marquez' OHYOS, solitude is what ultimately brings the village of Macondo to its tragic end. Throughout the novel we explore the interesting theme of the various forms and reasons behind solitude and its consequences. Psychological studies show that, on the individual level, various needs are assumed to promote growth and self-actualization. For instance, John Burton's Deviance, Terrorism and War specifies eight basic human necessities: the need for others' response (and consistency thereof); stimulation; security (for instance, freedom from everyday preoccupation with death fears); recognition (through which individuals receive social confirmations that their reactions to social stimulations are relevant and approved); distributive justice (not merely a consistency in response but a response or reward deemed appropriate in terms of individuals' experiences and expectations); the need to appear rational (which follows from the need for consistency of response– rationality calls attention to the fact that there is a need for consistent behavior in others); need for meaning to be deduced from consistent response; and the need for a sense of control. From this list are various â€Å"camps† promoting the centrality of their distinctive need systems. These include, for instance, the need to belong, to bond or connect with others; the need for meaningfulness and the need for transcendence. As put by Richard Nixon, â€Å"Unless a person has a reason to live for other than himself, he will die–first mentally, then emotionally, then physically. † Studies of terminally ill individuals reveal the need for assurance that they have a legacy, that their lives made a difference, and that others are who they are because of oneself and that these others will carry one's memory with them. The mere fact that isolation is commonly known as a form of torture demonstrates that too much solitude leads to destructive consequences. These studies are relative to my topic because throughout the novel we encounter situations in which characters are driven to insanity as a result of their solitude, even if it is a self-selected decision. To quote Francis Bacon, â€Å"Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a wild beast or god. † One is the example of Jose Arcadio Buendia, the first great solitary of the novel. He becomes so obsessed in his pursuit for truth and knowledge that he neglects his family and ultimately loses all touch with outer reality. Another is the example of Colonel Aureliano Buendia, who retreats into the solitude of his sadness and becomes incapable of expressing emotion other than sorrow and resignation. Aureliano Buendia is an interesting character because, in the novel, he first expresses his clear preference for solitude after his encounter with a girl who is forced to sleep with other men in order to pay her debt to her grandmother. Because he feels uncomfortable in society, he retreats into the comfort of his own solitude, which brings me to introduce psychologist Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The hierarchy of needs is a sequential, graduating set of needs that a person must satisfy to reach one's full potential or self-actualization. The needs are ranked bottom from top as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, self-esteem needs, and self actualization. These needs must be satisfied in order to get to the top, but one may go backward as well as forward, which relates to the theme of time as a cycle, and the Buendia's inability to progress. Because they are unwilling to communicate outside of themselves, the Buendia family is never able to move forward but moves instead in cycles, or a downward spiral, collapsing in on itself. According to Marlow, when one is unable to achieve the needs of love and belonging, it is assumed they regress back to the stage of securing their safety needs, which is most clearly demonstrated in Aureliano Buendias case. The solitary characters are often contrasted to the antisolitary characters of the novel such as Ursula Buendias and Pilar Ternera, and other characters who combat their solitude. Ursula Buendias and Pilar Ternera both live very long lives and devote their lives to strengthening social bonds. In her younger years, Pilar Ternera comforts the Buendia men with her sex and bear many of their children. She is extremely prosperous as the madame of a nunnery, which stands for a bountiful sexuality. Many other instances in the novel indicate that sex and love is used to combat solitude, especially the notion of free love. The most obvious example for this is perhaps the cold, barren relationship of Aureliano Segundo and Fernanda del Carpio in contrast with his relationship with Petra Cotes, in which his farm animals begin to proliferate and bring him great prosperity. This instance conveys the message that sexual liberation leads to progress and prosperity. Incest is a secondary theme of solitude. Essentially, incest is the practice of keeping family members within the family, which demonstrates the Buendias' habit of isolating themselves from the rest of the community and their inability to reach out to others. The incest that occurs throughout the novel only perpetuates the Buendias' solitude, and reflects the eventual destruction of the town. From the very beginning of the novel, Ursula warns of deformity as a result of incestuous relationships, and ironically, the last of the Buendias is born with the tail of a pig, and ends the family line. The novel ends with an interesting passage, in which the narrator explains, â€Å"He had already understood that he would never leave†¦ races condemned to 100 years of solitude did not have a second opportunity on earth. † Here solitude can be seen very differently, portraying the solitude of Latin America forced upon their race by the West, who denies their access to the opportunities of the developed world, in comparison to the Buendias inability to join the moving world. â€Å"The opposite of solitude is solidarity,† says Marquez. Solidarity is defined as a union of interests, purposes or sympathies among members of a group, or a fellowship of responsibilities and interests, an obvious lacking quality in the town of Macondo. Psychological studies show that social systems have various â€Å"needs† to function successfully. There is, for instance, the social need for a collectively shared sense of order and that rules for a society's game board of life are understood and respected by all social actors. An ordered world is a predictable world and the essence of society is the predictability of its members' actions. There are the needs for solidarity between social members (including, as anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn observed, â€Å"a set of common values that give meaning and purpose to group life†), their willingness to accept their social duties and to make personal sacrifices for the welfare of others, and their cooperation with each other. Further, if we perceive social systems to be analogous to organisms struggling to survive in potentially hostile environments, there are such individual needs as defense, coordinated action toward collective goals, and the ability to adapt to challenging new internal and external conditions. The Buendias are obviously lacking in this cooperative quality and often struggle with their meaning in life, which is reflected in the destruction of the town. In quoting HG Wells, â€Å"A downtrodden class.. will never be able to make an effective protest until it achieves solidarity. † In order for the Buendias to leave their solitude, solidarity must first be achieved. From this it can be concluded that Marquez is promoting the same message for the solitude of Latin America, having been so long controlled by the West, before they must suffer the consequences of Macondo and the Buendia family.

Math Ia Type 2 Stellar Numbers.

Math SL Investigation Type 2 Stellar Numbers This is an investigation about stellar numbers, it involves geometric shapes which form special number patterns. The simplest of these is that of the square numbers (1, 4, 9, 16, 25 etc†¦) The diagram below shows the stellar triangular numbers until the 6th triangle. The next three numbers after T5 would be: 21, 28, and 36. A general statement for nth triangular numbers in terms of n is: The 6-stellar star, where there are 6 vertices, has its first four shapes shown below:The number of dots until stage S6: 1, 13, 37, 73, 121, 181 Number of dots at stage 7: 253 Expression for number of dots at stage 7: Since the general trend is adding the next multiple of 12 (12, 24, 36, 48 etc†¦) for each of the stars, so for S2 it would be 1+12=13, and for S3 it would be 13+24=37 General statement for 6-stellar star number at stage Sn in terms of n: For P=9: Since S1 must equal 1 then we can prove this formula by showing that:So the first six t erms are: 1, 19, 55, 109, 181, 271 Therefore the equation for the 9-Stellar star at For P=5: Since S1 must equal 1 then we can prove this formula by showing that: So the first six terms are: 1, 11, 31, 61, 101, 151 So the expression for 5-Stellar at General Statement for P-Stellar numbers at stage Sn in terms of P and = For P-Stellar number equals 10: For P-Stellar number equals 20: The General Statement works for all number fro 1 to positive infinity.The equation was arrived at since the sum of arithmetic series can be found using , since the difference is always 2P then we can replace 2P with d, and since u1 is always equal to 1, we can replace it with 1 every time. The at the end of the equation serves the purpose of making the difference between the numbers in the series constant. This form of the equation will allow for only one variable to change, which will be . One of the things the student realized while solving this investigation was that the second term is always equal to , but the derived equation which is also works.

Report on the Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Building a Essay

Report on the Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Building a Theme Park in a Neighbourhood - Essay Example It also assesses the expectations, both positive and negative, of the neighborhood residents from the theme park to be constructed. Methodology This study is based on a close-ended, structured and non-disguised questionnaire designed to explore the perceived effect on local residents by the building of a local theme park. The questionnaire was given to the oldest member of each household to be completed and returned within a month. The respondents were informed about the purpose of the questionnaire, and that their responses were vital for planning the construction. Respondents were assured of the maintenance of confidentiality of the information they would provide and that it would be used solely for the purpose of this survey. The questionnaire had questions relating to the demographic data, such as gender, employment status and type of household of the residents. The main part of the questionnaire was concerned with how the residents perceived the present safety of the neighborhoo d, and whether they believed that this status would change after the construction of a theme park. ‘Neutral’, ‘safe’ and ‘very safe’, ‘unsafe’ and ‘very unsafe’, were the options provided to assess perceived present safety, and ‘much safer’, ‘safer’, ‘unsafer’, ‘much unsafer’ and ‘unchanged’, were the options provided to assess the perceived change in safety . The positive and negative expectations of the local residents from the theme park, such as increase in employment opportunities, business opportunities, more activities for family and children, more crime, vandalism, pollution and parking problems, were also assessed. The questionnaire is given in appendix 1 of this document. Data was analyzed by comparing the differences in perception based on the employment status and household type of the respondents. Results and data analysis Fifty local residen ts had responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 14 were females and 36 were males. The largest proportion of the respondents was unemployed (n=15). Of the remaining respondents, 10 were employed, 10 were retired, four were self-employed and the remaining 11 were students. Based on the type of household, most of the respondents were either couples, had a family with children under 16, or were living alone. Perceived safety Data on perceived current safety of the neighborhood revealed that a large proportion of the respondents considered their neighborhood as either safe or very safe, with only a minority of them remaining neutral. A vast majority of the respondents felt that the safety status of their neighborhood would remain unchanged after the construction of a theme park. The expected change in safety of the neighborhood was then assessed based on the employment status and the type of household. This analysis revealed that most of the retired respondents believed that the neighb orhood would become unsafe. In contrast, a few students, unemployed and self-employed respondents felt that the neighborhood would become safer. It appears that the retired population of respondents is paranoid about the safety of the nei

Preparing To Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Assignment

Preparing To Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector - Assignment Example The teacher cannot judge the performance of students whereas, he or she has to ensure that all of the class passes the exams because failure will cause the pupils to lose heart and that will significantly hinder the journey of self directed and lifelong learning. The teaching staff is considered forbearers in regards with promoting equality and cultural sensitivity in societies. They have to understand each and every student’s cultural background before they can start the process of taking the classes. On the other hand, they had to develop impartial content for the class which may not appear offensive to any student. In international setting, organizations and educational institutions have to realize the fact that they are not expected to judge anyone on the basis of religion, ethnicity and caste. The core idea of self directed learning is to help the pupils in terms of finding their way in life all by themselves. The students must develop sense of strengthened confidence within themselves in order to find what they want to do in life and once they find the direction then they will keep moving forward in the direction of their goal in life. The teachers have to pour the love for their work in students and then they will eventually grow into successful professionals one day. Every learner is different from others and these divergences are there for a reason which belongs directly to will of God. The Mother Nature will always have a plan and it will need different type of people in order to complete its agenda. The teachers have to let the students do what appeals to them. However, the teachers have to facilitate the learning process by encouraging their students to take and follow the path which attracts them at a certain point in time. Teachers are anticipated to play the role of general facilitators in the lives of their students and develop a generalized skill of learning in them which in turn can assist

Engineering Management - Assignment EM1 Research Paper

Engineering Management - Assignment EM1 - Research Paper Example A low ratio in comparison with industry averages indicates an inefficient use of business assets. The Return on Assets Ratio is calculated as follows: Return on Assets = Net Profit Before tax / Total Assets = 1M / (1.2M + 0.7M -0.5M) = 1M / 1.4M = 0.714 Return on Investment (ROI) Ratio Return on Investment Ratio is the ratio of percentage of return on funds invested by the owners. The ROI is perhaps the most important ratio of all. The ROI should be high enough for an investor to invest in risk taking business proposition. The ROI is calculated as follows: Return on Investment = Net Profit before Tax / Net worth. (Word Count = 497) 1. (b) Do you think the above structure is satisfactory How would you change the structure and why would you change it To find answer to the above question first we have to look at what is an Organisation Structure I will just quote one, which I feel gives the essence of organization structure. 'The structure of an organization [is] the sum total of the ways in which it divides its labor into distinct tasks and then achieves co-ordination among them' (Mintzberg, 1989).' In analyzing the organization structure of Tees Valley Doors (TVD), I find that the organization structure is lacking some vital points. 1. This is a top-heavy organization structure. The total no. of employees are 70. For which there are 3 whole time Directors, 6 managers. 2. The allocation of jobs to the Directors are also not proper e.g. the Distribution Manger is having 4 assistants under him and the Warehouse manager is having 5 operators under him. I feel the posts of Managers here are superficial. It should be the job...It is calculated before income tax because tax rates and tax liabilities vary from company to company for a wide variety of reasons, making comparisons after taxes much more difficult. The Net Profit Margin Ratio is calculated as follows: This ratio reveals how well inventory is being managed. It is important because the more times inventory can be turned in a given operating cycle, the greater the profit. It is stated that inventory turn over is three times a year. This measures how efficiently profits are being generated from the assets employed in the business when compared with the ratios of firms in a similar business. A low ratio in comparison with industry averages indicates an inefficient use of business assets. The Return on Assets Ratio is calculated as follows: Return on Investment Ratio is the ratio of percentage of return on funds invested by the owners. The ROI is perhaps the most important ratio of all. The ROI should be high enough for an investor to invest in risk taking business proposition. The ROI is calculated as follows: 2. The allocation of jobs to the Directors are also not proper e.g. the Distribution Manger is having 4 assistants under him and the Warehouse manager is having 5 operators under him. I feel the posts of Managers here are superficial. It should be the job of supervisors to handle operators and assistants.

Not enough though has been given in any European code to the way Essay

Not enough though has been given in any European code to the way contracts might or should be classified Do you agree - Essay Example Main land Europe is looking to create a common civil legal framework which will be developed in a number of steps. This common legal framework is currently being heralded as the European Civil Code and would require coordinated efforts over a number of decades for effective implementation3. The first step has been termed as the PECL4 and is aimed at unifying the contract law prevalent throughout Europe. Success of the PECL and its precedents will determine if it is possible at this stage to develop a common legal framework for the European continent. This could have even wider implications for the global harmonisation attempt given that the obstacles encountered in PECL would be encountered similarly elsewhere too. Importance of the PECL is enhanced by the fact that the European community is looking to create the Common Frame of Reference based on the learning from the PECL5. At this point in time the PECL is not an instrument that has been recognised by governments around Europe. In stead the PECL is more or less a document drafted by academics to serve as a standard reference when hard-core moves to harmonisation are attempted. The PECL is a broad attempt to create a set of â€Å"general rules† which are flexible enough to accommodate future developments and to provide a framework for contract law6. Here due consideration must be provided to the fact that contract law is the first thing that is being attempted in terms of a common legal framework for a number of reasons. Contract law is highly important when it comes to cross border trade. The significant differences between national contract laws make trade beyond borders costly, time consuming and often legally complex. Furthermore, a number of companies are dissuaded from trading in neighbouring nations because of complex trading instruments and their legal ramifications. This in turn promotes domestic trade at the expense of transnational trade which is not beneficial for the commercial interests of the European Union. Europe is currently looking to develop something close to the Lex Mercatoria so that trading and commercial transactions of all kinds are simple all across Europe7. In order to facilitate trading all over Europe with the same legal principles it was necessary to create a common legal framework. The PECL is the resulting legal framework which has emerged from these efforts. In addition there is another reason behind the PECL’s importance. As mentioned before, the PECL will serve as the basis for the future of the Common Frame of Reference so this enhances the important of the PECL even more. Here it must also be mentioned that the success of the PECL and the Common Frame of Reference are critical to the future of harmonisation attempts in Europe. Hence, careful consideration is mandatory in order to provide a framework that is successful and tends to provide solutions that are holistic. Any such framework would need to be carefully thought out. As mentione d before, there is no question of implementation as yet because these harmonised frameworks are merely guidance based as yet and are not strictly enforceable as yet. Drafting a standard set of principles for guidance over the domain of contracts may not be as simple or straightforward as it may seem. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to creating a common contractual framework is coming to

Social Interaction and Relationships Research Paper

Social Interaction and Relationships - Research Paper Example A Closer Analysis on Child Abuse The welfare of children has been the primary concern of social scientists through time. The penultimate objectives of parents, teachers, social workers through local communities and state agencies globally acknowledge the need to promote and safeguard the well-being of each and every child. Sad to say, there are some relationships between parents and children that result in maltreatment and abuse due to various factors. Children have been found to be highly susceptible to abusive relationship and behavior by adults due to their tender age, naivety, immaturity, and incompetence to fully decide for themselves without realizing the effects and repercussions of actions imposed upon them. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer issues pertinent to social interaction focusing on child abuse, as one type of relationship between a child and his or her parents, as studied through the eyes of a social psychologist. ... ience, direct or indirect, coincide with the conclusions made through social science research; and finally, (4) if one could study the same behavior, how could it be done differently and how would one’s method ensure a higher level of accuracy. The Study of Child Abuse The Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (CBSSE) published a report entitled Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect in 1993 delving into the critical issues pervading child abuse including its identification and definitions, the scope of the problem, etiology of maltreatment, prevention, consequences, and treatment, among others. As indicated, it was only in 1976 that the first relevant statistics on child maltreatment was revealed and covered by the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (CBSSE, 1993, 78). The incidence and prevalence of child abuse and maltreatment were revealed to be sourced from â€Å"congressionally mandated maltreatment reports, population-based surveys of speci fic types of maltreatment, surveys of maltreatment in special population subgroups (e.g., disabled children), and cross-national data† (CBSSE, 1993, 79). Current statistics from the National Child Abuse agency show a continually increasing trend of abuse and maltreatment from 1995 until 2007 (Child Help, 2011). The figures reveal an alarming number of approximately â€Å"5.8 million children were involved in an estimated 3.2 million child abuse reports and allegations†¦ (of which) 90% of child sexual abuse victims know the perpetrator in some way; 68% are abused by family members† (Child Help, 2011, 1). The mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect has been expounded by Smith (2009) to indicate that â€Å"all states require certain professionals and institutions to report suspected child abuse,

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System Essay

The Future of Nursing in an Evolving Health Care System - Essay Example Furthermore, it will make the population lose their trust on the healthcare system. The maturing nursing workforce, low unemployment, and the worldwide nature of this deficiency intensify the ordinary elements that help nursing deficiencies. In order to sustain change and a sufficient supply of nurses, arrangements must be made in few areas, i.e. training, health care frameworks, approaches, and regulations. There are two primary strategies that have been utilized to address the inconsistency between the supply and demand in nursing. These are expanded nursing system enlistment, and the importation of nurses from different countries. Apparently, these interventions have not been able to make any changes; given the desperate circumstances other countries nursing pools likewise impart (Janiszewski, 2003). As scientists analyze what inspires nurses to stay in their current workplaces, they have come up with the following: saw self-rule, workload, distinguishing, planning, administrations authority abilities, home obligations, and peer connections in the work environment affect a medical attendants choice to remain in duty (Kimball & ONeal, 2002). However, this shortage is not exclusively a nursings issue and obliges a community oriented exertion among nursing pioneers and health care administrators, government, and the

Gucci Handbags Essay Example for Free

Gucci Handbags Essay Gucci handbags are some of the most desired and most attractive handbags available in the market. Synonymous with elegance and quality, the price of Gucci handbags, from the bamboo-handled handbag which catapulted the Gucci brand into international fame in the 1940s (and still used today) to the sleek new collection for 2005, varies from an affordable $100.00 to as high as $3,000.00. The newest line of Gucci Handbags was launched in the latter part of 2004 and the full product list can be viewed through the official Gucci site. The 2004 line of Gucci handbags are still available for purchase. Some handbags from past seasons may still be available, with the more popular designs often priced at higher levels. Gucci History Guccio Gucci, founder of the Gucci brand, was the son of an Italian merchant from Italy’s northern manufacturing region. In his youth, Gucci rebelled against joining his family’s straw hat making business by running away to London where he worked at the opulent and upscale Savoy Hotel. He spent much of his time paying much attention to the baggage of the hotel’s wealthy guests and this was where he gained an understanding of â€Å"cosmopolitan culture, sophistication and aesthetics†. When 39 year old Guccio Gucci returned to Florence in 1921, he set up his own shop, the House of Gucci, at 7 via della Vigna Nuova where he started by selling luggage and horse saddles. He hired the finest craftsmen in the area to work in his atelier, and he personally designed many of the Gucci products sold. His venture turned out to be a success and in 1938, he opened another store in the eternal city of Rome. The Gucci name continued to grow, and in 1947 the company reached even greater heights when they introduced the bamboo-handle handbag, an item that is still used by the company today. Further developments included the red striped webbing, which was derived from the saddle girth. This was incorporated into Gucci products in the 1950s. In 1953, Guccio Gucci passed away and his four sons took over running the company. It was after Guccio Gucci’s death that the House of Gucci broke the international market. Through the leadership of Aldo Gucci, the company opened satellite boutiques in London, Paris and New York. In the late 1960s, the House of Gucci (or Gucci) was able to penetrate the Asian market when they opened stores in Hong Kong and Tokyo. It was during this period that the famous GG logo (Guccio Gucci’s initials) was developed. The 60s also ushered in the Flora silk scarf, often worn by actress Grace Kelly; and the Jackie O shoulder bag, which was made famous by the late Jackie Kennedy, wife of former US. President John F. Kennedy. In the late 1970s, the Gucci Accessories Collection (GAC), composed of small items including make up bags, lighters, and pens were developed to increase the sales of the Gucci Parfums sector. These items, considerably more reasonably priced than the other items in their collection, were well received. Soon, the Accessories division outsold the Parfums division and brought the exclusive Gucci brand to thousands of stores in the United States. Because the Gucci name became more accessible to ordinary people, the brand suddenly lost its exclusive appeal. The name was further damaged by the proliferation of cheap fakes and replicas. In 1989, a third generation Gucci came to the helm of the Gucci Company. Maurizio Gucci, son of Rodolfo Gucci inherited the Company from his father and immediately stated that he wanted to incorporate numerous changes in the company. He invited the celebrated Dawn Mellow to join the business as a creative director. In Gucci America, Domenico de Sole was appointed to take charge. Although designers Geoffrey Beene and Calvin Klein were already part of Gucci’s roster of designers, Dawn Mello, through the urging of his partner Richard Buckley, took in a young designer named Tom Ford. This young designer would make Gucci a byword in the fashion industry once again. In the early 1990s, Gucci went through the poorest time in the company’s history. Due to several wrong decisions, the company experienced heavy losses and, once again, almost went bankrupt. Although Maurizio Gucci loved the family’s business dearly and had noble intentions, he was clearly incapable of leading the company. In 1993, he was forced to sell his shares to Investcorp. Dawn Mellow left a year after Maurizio Gucci’s departure and the position of creative director went to 32 year old Tom Ford. Ford took Gucci’s image towards a new direction. If he was unable to do that under the direction of Maurizio Gucci and Mellow, Forf was finally given the free rein under the supervision of De Sole. De Sole, now CEO of Gucci, realized that Gucci needed a new image if it were to become a profitable company once again. Thus, in 1995 the world saw a new Gucci. With a hip, trendy and bold new image, Gucci products were once again donned by the rich and famous such as Madonna and Gwyneth Paltrow. It was also in this year that Gucci Group became a publicly traded company, with listings on the New York and Amsterdam stock exchanges. Since then, Gucci has continued to prosper as an influential element in the fashion industry and a highly profitable business operation. The European Business Press Federation named The Gucci brand as the â€Å"European company of the Year 1998† for its economic and financial performance, strategic vision and management quality. Tom Ford left Gucci in 2004, together with De Sole. After much shuffling, the company is now headed by Frida Giannini and John Ray. Purchasing Gucci Gucci handbags are sold exclusively at Gucci directly operated stores or at authorized franchises and points of sales in select department stores, specialty shops and duty free counters. Authentic Gucci products are not sold through through internet auction sites such as Ebay. The company has forbidden their dealers to advertise or sell on Ebay. However, there are certified dealers of Gucci who have websites where you can purchase the latest lines of Gucci, such www.forzieri.com and www.ashford.com. In such websites, you are 100% assured that you will be buying the â€Å"real thing†. As of the end of 2004, Gucci operates 398 directly operated stores including 198 with Gucci, 60 with Yves Saint Laurent, 65 with Bottega Veneta and the rest with the Group’s other brands. Gucci is presently not seeking to expand its network of distribution. Authentic Gucci Guarantee All Gucci handbags are manufactured in Italy and made with the highest quality materials. Original Gucci products always come with a Gucci authenticity card. To ensure that you get an authentic Gucci handbag, buy only from authorized Gucci dealers or outlets. For a full listing of authorized dealers near your area, visit www.gucci.com

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay

Hr Managing Towards Recruitment And Selection Management Essay With the advent of growing emphasis on people as the prime source of competitive advantage, the foremost important decision for an organization has been to ensure the selection of the right people to join the workforce (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). In the early 1990s, Beaumont (1993, p.56 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225) identified three focus areas having significant relevance in the current industry scenario that has enhanced the potential importance of the selection decision in individual organizations. The areas include demographic trends and changes in the labour market, which have led to a less homogeneous workforce that emphasizes on fairness in selection process. Secondly, the desire for a multi-skilled, flexible workforce and an increased emphasis on team working has led to conclude that selection decision are concerned with behaviour and attitudes than with matching individuals on basis of the current job requirements. Lastly, the link between corporate strategy and Human Resource Management has led to the evolution of the concept of strategic selection that refers to the development of a system that links selection to the overall organizational strategy while aligning personnel to emerging business strategies. Thus to have a positive impact on companys productivity and profitability, the practice of recruitment and selection in Human Resource Management has become increasingly important (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 225). The increased global competition and the increasing customer expectations mean that the growth and sustenance of an organization is proving to be challenging. Organisations need to be more proactive in their approach to sustain profitability and meet the ever changing global business dynamics by attracting and retaining high-quality individuals who can respond effectively to this changing environment (Bach, 2008, p. 115). Hiring competent people is of prime importance to an organization, which is greatly dependent on effective recruitment and selection procedures. As cited in Bach (2008), a poor recruitment decision can cost an employer an amount equal to 30 per cent of the employees first year earnings (Hacker 1997). These costs can include lower productivity, potential loss of customers; cost incurred in training, advertising, recruitment fees and redundancy packages (Smith and Graves 2002 cited in Bach, 2008, p. 115). Thus, in order to have a competitive edge, it is increasingly e ssential that in tight labour market scenario, firms must evolve and practice better recruitment, selection and retention strategies (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 15). As mentioned in a case study on Betterbuy (Greenwood, 2007), as part of their good personnel practice they offer a market-leading package of pay and benefits such as childcare vouchers and two share schemes namely Save as you earn and Buy as you earn. It also regards eligible staff for their hard work and commitment with free shares and a pension scheme that allows member to build up a pension based in their earnings and service. The term recruitment and selection are commonly referred together; however they have distinct human resource management activities and functions. Recruitment comprises of short-listing candidate applications from potential employees, while selection techniques are used to decide which of the short-listed applicant is best suited for the job (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Further reiterating the above point, Boxall and Purcell (2003, p. 143) has also stated that recruitment and selection are nearly always joint management processes of some kind where both line and specialist managers are involved. Bratton and Gold (2003, p. 221) defines recruitment as the process of generating a pool of capable people to apply for employment to an organization. Selection is the process by which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from a pool of applicants a person or persons most likely to succeed in the job(s), given management goals and legal requirement (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 221). Newell and Shackleton (2000, p.113 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 226) refer to recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make a contribution to the particular organisation. Bach (2008) defines Recruitment as the process of attracting people who might make an organizational contribution to fill a particular role or job. While, Selection is predicting which candidates will make the most appropriate contribution to the organization now and in the future (Hackett, 1991 cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 226) In the 1980s, some major changes were witnessed within organizations in regards to their HR practices; for instance it became more assertive as to its role played in organization (Legge, 1995 cited in Searle, 2003, p. 7). This was due to an increasing awareness and evidence of the impact of HR had on the viability of the organisations success. During this period, HR policies emerged as significant levers for assisting firms in repositioning themselves. It resulted in recruitment and selection processes being considered as the key factors for successful change management (Searle, 2003, p. 7). It can thus be asserted that selection is about how to make fair, un-biased and relevant assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of short-listed potential employees by using various selection techniques. While recruitment is the way in which a firm tries to source or attract candidates among whom it will short-list. Thus, in other words, recruitment strategy involves the organisations attempt to portray the firm as an attractive place to work thereby attracting good talent (Boxall and Purcell, 2003, p. 141). There are two methods of recruitment: Internal and External. INTERNAL RECRUITMENT One of the crucial points to reflect upon during the recruitment procedure is whether or not there is a need to recruit outside the organization. Implementing alternative approaches to recruitment might lead to the development of effective solutions at considerably lower cost (Taylor, 2005, p. 166). Research shows that most private sector companies attempt to fill vacancies internally before looking for people outside the organization (Newell and Shackleton, 2000, p. 116, CIPD 2003b, p. 11 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 167). Fuller and Huber (1998, p. 621 cited in Taylor, 2005, p.167) identifies four distinct internal recruitment activities like internal promotions, lateral transfers, job rotation schemes and re-hiring former employees. Some of the key advantages of internal recruitment of an organization are its cost effectiveness and quick as vacancies can be advertised internally on staff notice boards, in-house publications or intranet systems at no additional cost. Thus, it promotes and helps in developing a strong establishment of motivated and committed employees among existing employees and also that the management is already familiar with the strengths and limitations of the employee. It also helps a company to maximize its return on investment invested in staff recruitment, selection and training processes. The employee in his new position is already familiar with the business objectives and has a better knowledge and understanding about the companys operations. The time taken to fill a vacancy is lesser leading to improving greater organizational effectiveness and reduction in cost and time. However, some of the disadvantages of internal recruitment are that new employees would bring in fresher ideas whic h are often required to challenge the status quo especially at senior levels. It can also lead to bringing about sterility by limiting the number of potential candidates for the job profile, lack of originality and a decline in the breadth of an organisations collective knowledge base. It may also be possible that the best suited person may not be available within the firm. Also an inclination towards this tends to perpetuate existing imbalances in the make-up of the workforce resulting in the feeling of inequality and resentment among the workforce who have not been selected. (Taylor, 2005, p. 168) EXTERNAL RECRUITMENT Even as there are numerous different approaches used to attract applications for prospective candidates, some of the formal methods used are printed media (national and local newspapers, trade and professional journals and magazines), external agencies (job centres, outplacement consultants, headhunters, employment agencies, forces resettlement agency, recruitment consultants), education liaison (careers service, careers fairs, college tutors, careers advisors, student societies), other media (direct mail, local radio teletext, billboards, internet, television and cinema), and professional contacts (conferences, trade union referrals, suppliers, industry contacts), other methods (factory gate posters, past applicant records, open days, personal recommendation or word of mouth, poaching). Few other informal methods include whereby employees families, suppliers or personal acquaintances get to hear about a vacancy via word of mouth or the grapevine. Several approaches like job centres or word of mouth is relatively less expensive in comparison to publishing advertisement in national newspaper or in delegating the task to headhunters. A few methods, such as the use of television and cinema, are used as a mode of recruiting by the largest employing organisations seeking to recruit substantial numbers like the Army and Navy recruiters (Taylor, 2005, p. 169-70). Some of the few advantages of external recruitment include that a new recruit will bring in fresh perspective and ideas, the best suited candidate can be chosen from the large pool of candidates, recruits having wider knowledge and experience on the subject can be chosen. The disadvantages to external recruitment would include that the process is long and hence more time consuming, selection process alone may not be able to identify and reveal the best candidate and also that the cost incurred is enormous for placing advertisements to attract potential talent. According to a study conducted by IRS (2001b, pp34; 2003c cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 171), approximately  £1 billion is spent each year on recruitment advertising in the United Kingdom. An HR Manager would require choosing a publication depending on the target audience. An opinion poll research carried out and published by Recruitment Today (June 1995) has indicated that around 70 per cent of people purchase different newspaper when they are looking for a new job. Thus information about readership levels and profiles is only of limited use in deciding the placement of job advertisement. It is essential for the HR manager to reflect upon whether or not there is a need to advertise nationally. For most jobs, local newspapers are preferable, because they reach potential applicants only within the relevant travel-to-work and are thus more cost effective. The need to organize at a national level arises when the target audience is at a national level. Some of the other additional alternat ive methods of recruitment include: Internet Recruitment: The scope and usage of internet as a medium of recruitment has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years. In the late 1990s, the jobs advertised on the web were mainly in IT or academia, or were specifically targeting graduate recruitments. In 2003, nearly 70 per cent of employers had been advertising vacancies on the internet (CIPD 2003b, p. 15 cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176), while on the other hand the providers of job search website were spending vast amounts of money on TV, cinema, radio advertising, sports sponsorship and public relations activities as a means of building their public profile and brand image (Taylor, 2005). The key advantages of Internet recruitment are that large companies have a greater potential to attract passing traffic to their company corporate website By cutting down on the need to use written correspondence or field phone calls will prove to be a cost saving for the company. This form of recruitment is attractive to an emp loyer as it gives him the access to a potential audience of millions. Some of the disadvantages of internet recruitment include technology system getting hampered by bugs, computer crashes and threat of losing applications caused by recruiters with poor IT enabled skills which will result in further delay rather than accelerating the recruitment process. Poorly designed or over-engineered websites represent a further pitfall by means of slow loading speeds are all guaranteed to create fatigue in the potential candidate users whose expectations of fast, reliable access are very high thus causing damage to the brand image of the company (Taylor, 2005, p. 179). In the past few years, there has been a significant rapid development in online recruitment or commonly termed as e-recruitment which has accelerated the growth of e-Human Resource Management (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 230). In the year 2003, the Singapore Ministry of Manpower (Storey, 2007, p. 238) highlighted some of the key potential benefits of e-HR. The hard benefits included reduced service delivery costs due to automation of key HR business processes, by improving the accuracy of these HR processes the out put would lead to reduction in correction costs, by using intranet as a means of internal communication channel would eliminate costs of printing and distributing information to employees, improving staff productivity and efficacy by providing universal access 24/7 on various information thereby reducing the data entry and search costs through employee and manager self-service. While some of the soft benefits included allowing instant processing of data collected leading to reduction in cycle times, increasing employee satisfaction and engaging in better employee relations by improvising on the quality of HR service, making HR function to align with strategic partner in business, an indicator of change towards an organisational culture that promotes initiative, self-reliance and improved internal service standards by using technology. Employer websites: One of the most convenient methods includes highlighting existing vacancies available in an organization in respective organization website. However, links to these vacancies can be uploaded on various other search engines and recruitment agency website. These sites are easy to maintain and is cost effective as it provides an organization the opportunity to provide relevant adequate information about the profile for it to attract more responses. As quoted by Frankland (2000, cited in Taylor, 2005, p. 176); the total cost incurred to set up a fully operational website is equivalent to the total amount spent by a firm on advertisement in national newspapers. The organisations have immensely benefited by using websites as a medium of advertising the existing vacancies, but it is essential to evaluate the degree and the extent to which it has impacted in the recruitment procedure. As the success of this method solely depends upon the extent to which potential employees visit the websites. Cyber agencies: This method involves the use of specialist employment agencies that specializes in recruitment and selection of potential recruits for example, monster.com. These agencies carry out the functions and role carried out by employment agencies traditionally. These agencies extend their services to not only publish advertisements of vacancies but also short-list the candidates on behalf of the employers. (Taylor, 2005) Job linked to newspapers and journals: Many companies advertise in local and national national newspapers, notice boards, recruitment fairs and substantiate the advertisement with relevant important information relating to the job like the job title, pay package, location, job description, how to apply-either by CV or application form. The success of the recruitment process depends upon whether it is able to attract substantial number of candidates of the desired quality within the allocated budget. Too many applicants may reduce the cost per applicant but add further costs in terms of the time taken to screen the applications. While few applications received may be an indication of a tight labour market and also that the companys values, ethos and brand image in the market are poor attractors. It is thus essential that HR managers monitor the effect of such factors on the overall recruitment process (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p 234). SELECTION After the identification of a pool of potential candidates, the HR Manager needs choose and select the short-listed candidates who would best suit the job profile (Bach, 2008, p. 129). Some of the selection methods include interviews, psychometric testing (cognitive and personality test), assessment centres, references, biodata, job simulation or work sampling. Various selection techniques are used to measure differences between applicants and provide a prediction of future performance at work while measuring the effectiveness of these selection methods. Two statistical concepts reliability and validity are of relevant importance in the selection process. Techniques that are chosen on the basis of their consistency in measurement over a period of time is termed as reliability and the degree to which they measure what they are supposed to measure is referred as validity (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). The three important forms of reliability include the testee or the test-retest, the tester and the test reliability. Among the different forms of validity, the most important is the predictive or criterion-related validity. It refers to establishing an association between the predictors that comprises of the results obtained from various selection methods and the criterion that measures the performance on the job (Bach, 2008, p. 130). An HR Manager in an organization is using more sophisticated selection techniques and is ensuring to make good selection decisions. A good selection decision would reduce a number of costs incurred like the overall cost of the selection process that includes the use of various selection instruments, the future cost of inducting and training new staff and staff turnover. The process and method of selection to be used are based on two key fundamentals. Firstly, individual differences would measure the extent to which two individuals would differ on the parameters of intelligence, attitude, social skills, psychological and physical characteristics, experience, etc. Secondly, recognizing the way in which people differ would be reflected upon the prediction of performance by the individual at the workplace Many leading companies may use a variety of these techniques and statistical theory for giving credibility to techniques that attempt to measure peoples attitude, attributes, abilities and overall personality (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 234). Methods of Selection: Selection interviewing Interview is one of the oldest and commonly used selection methods. Cook (1994, p.15 cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 236) referred the usage of interviews along with application forms and referral / recommendation letters as the classic trio. The interview pattern can be broadly classified on the basis of the Information Elicited which would dwell on the focus on facts and the information that is required. It would follow a direct approach and give emphasis on seeking subjective information from the interviewee as the factual information must have been already collated prior to the interview. This pattern may require to qualified psychologist as it may require usage of intensive probing. It can secondly be classified on the basis of structure like structured or unstructured. Thirdly, on basis of the order and involvement pattern adopted while conducting the interview. Also by using questions related to ones past behaviour coupled with competencies in inter views has further enhanced the effectiveness of this method (Bratton and Gold, 2003, p. 238). Psychometric testing: It has formed an integral part of the selection process of most organization because of its ability to provide an objective measurement of individual competencies and personality (Beardwell and Holden, 2001, p. 243). This type of selection is also considered to have a good record of reliability and validity. Further evidence of its usage since 1990s has been witnessed due to the rapid growth in the number of organizations using this test leading to more HR professionals being trained to administer the functioning of the test (McHenry 1997a cited in Bratton and Gold, 2003, p.239). The two types of test include cognitive or ability test and personality test. Cognitive tests provide a detailed assessment of an individuals intellectual abilities like specific abilities or general intelligence. Personality test provides a detailed assessment of an individuals behaviour when confronted with a specific situation (Bach, 2008, p. 133). Assessment Centre It incorporates a variety of selection methods like interviews, psychometric test, simulations, in-tray exercises and group decision-making exercises, role-plays and presentations to test the mental ability, reasoning and personality of an individual employee (Taylor, 2005, p.242-3). Assessment centres are designed to provide information like the strengths and weaknesses of an individual employee to management for making decisions in relation to suitability for a position. (Bratton and Gold, 2003). Various on-going validity studies have found the assessment centres to have good predictive ability. One of the major drawbacks of the centre is the cost associated with setting up and functioning of the assessment centre (Taylor, 2005, p. 242). CONCLUSION While critically analyzing on which recruitment and selection approach and methodology an HR Manager must adopt for their organization, it is crucial to consider the impact and accuracy of its approach adopted on the target audience. Further, recruiters need to be aware of the image of their organization they are portraying to the external world. A local newspaper advertisement might attract large number of applicants; but there is a strong business case for spending rather more on a substantial advertisement set by professionals conveying to job seekers that the organization compares favourably with others as a place to work. Few methods are ruled out because of time constraints as most personnel specialists may quite often have pressure from line managers to fill vacancies within days instead of weeks. Thus the range of possible recruitment methods gets severely restricted. Under such circumstances, the best option that a firm can adopt is to outsource the task of recruitment and s election to employment agencies, job centres or use personal contacts (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). It may also prove to be beneficial to consider the volume of applications as outcomes that each method is likely to yield and the ability of the personnel department to administer and act upon effectively. An HR Manager should avoid selecting a recruitment methodology which resulted in receiving hundreds of applications for a single unskilled job vacancy and vice versa. For instance, an advertisement seeking application for very senior cadre roles where the widest pool of appropriately qualified individuals is needed to enable the organization to screen out all but the very best candidates. Another example would be the opening of a new plant store leading to the creating a demand for several hundreds of new jobs (Taylor, 2005, p. 169). Proposed References: Torrington, D., Hall, L., and Taylor S. (2002) Human Resource Management. 5th edition. FT Prentice Hall, England Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2003) Human Resource Management Theory and Practice. 3rd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Searle, R. (2003) Selection and Recruitment a critical text Palgrave Macmillan, UK in association with The Open University 1st edition Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management a critical text. 3rd edition. Thomson Learning, London Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2008) Strategy and Human Resource Management. 2nd edition. Palgrave Macmillan, New York Taylor, S. (2005) People Resourcing. 3rd edition CIPD, London Beardwell, I. and Holden, L. (2001) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach. FT Prentice Hall: Pearson Education Limited, England Bach, S. (2008) Managing Human Resources: Personnel Management in Transition. 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing, UK Callaghan, G. and Thompson, P. (2002) We recruit attitude: The selection and shaping of routine call centre labour, Journal of Management Studies: 39(2): 233-254 Greeenwood, I. (2007) Recruitment in the retail sector: a large supermarket, Work and Employment Relations Division Teaching Case, University of Leeds **********************

Competition in the Airline Industry

Competition in the Airline Industry Introduction to airline industry: The airline industry is a very competitive market, in the past 2 decades the industry have expanded and still expanding its routes domestic and globally in the beginning airline industry was partly government owned but in the recent years many privatization with airline industry have taken place. D E L A G (Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Akiengesellschaft) the first worlds first airline which was on the 16 November 1909 this airline was started mainly with the government owned/assistance this airship manufacturers were the Zeppelin Corporation and their head quarters was in Frankfurt. The two Americans named Rufus and Marriott tried to start the Americas first airline but the attempts were failed due to the airline catching fire. The five airline which was first started still exist these airlines are the oldest ones. KLM its the Netherlands owned, Avianca airlines owned by the Columbia. Qantas is Australians, Czech Airlines operated by the Czech Republic, Mexican Airlines by the Mexico. Af ter the world wars there was some inventions have been made and the demand for new planes the designs and the techniques have greatly constructed and soon after the world wars the air rout throughout the Europe have been set up since the past 15 years the airline route have became a baggiest necessity of both business and common peoples that it is hard to live without the air travel the main pros for the Air travel is it reduces time and making the peoples to visit world in the affordable time. The airline industry can be categorized into four different and main Operations International: This service take more than130 passengers and have them and can take anywhere in the world. In this category the business have its revenue for at least $ 1bn. National: In this category it can take the passengers up to 150 and the business have its revenue for from $100 m $1bn Regional: The small companies which mainly focus on the flights with quick halts and the revenue of this business is less than $ 100 m. Cargo: The main focus of these airlines is to carry goods. Emirates (airline) introduction and its growth: Emirates airline is the major airline of the UAE and it is the subsidiary of the Emirates group it is also the national airline of the UAE (Dubai) its major operations is from the Dubai International Airport. It was founded in the year 25th October 1985 The Hub of the Emirates airlines operates its services to the ninety six (96) destinations and about 56 countries and covering around 6 continents. The company also operates the worlds longest flights to New York, los angles and other two states in Unites States of America including Houston (Texas) the cargo services of this airline is operated by the Emirates Cargo services Division at present the Emirates group has more than 40,000 Employees Employed and it is the one of the top 10 world class airlines in the world. Emirates group as a new and young company faces problems back in 1980s when the gulf airways cut down its flights to Dubai the rescue of help from the Dubai royal family invested $10 million in order to begin, the head of the airlines was sheikh Ahmad Bin Saeed al Makhtoom and he is also the present chairman since then the airlines have made its growth in the fleet and also have expanded its destinations. Emirates Airlines Growth and Incorporation: Emirates group have made tremendous efforts to grow since 1990, research shows that Emirates is one of the fastest growing airline in the world since the Emirates group have made partnership with AA (American Airlines) in 1994 it started providing the world class service to the passengers throughout the world soon after the partnership Emirates revenue turned to $634 M in the end of 2004, then after the airlines ordered 7 new Boeing 777 in 1996 costs about $1 Billion. In May 1998 Emirates enter into the agreement with Sri Lankan Air Lines to manage the airlines for 10 year In the year 2008 Emirates launched its nonstop flight to New York. In the year 2010 Emirates group have launched its flights to many new destinations in UK, Paris, Bangkok, Australia, and Saudi Arabia 1. Do you agree with performance linked reward system? Summarize the recent trends of reward system in your organization or the organization you have chosen. Discuss its impact on productivity in your organization Performance linked reward system: The most important way to impress employees is only by reward to share the profits and allow them incentives by paying them bonuses the theory of reward system says that this is the way the employees will share in your dream when you fulfill their dream. The mechanism of this system can make this possible. The reward system is not just paying the bonuses and letting employees shares in the stock options. It is more likely to do with promotions, benefits and other incentives which can motivate employees unfortunately many companies do not offer this which leads to the failure of their organization so all the employers and I should agree with the reward system to sustain in the market with the competitors. (Donna Dee prose P: 33) The basic principle of reward system is that, you get what you reward the Employees. The main principle of management is things are done quickly if you reward the Employees, they shows positive attitude towards their works and their behavior changes if you reward them for their work. If you set a certain target for the employees and when they achieve it reward them immediately failure to do so will affect the results in the future and never hold behind the employees rewards. Therefore the main principle of motivation is by providing rewards and every organization should agree with this system for a successful organization. Benefits in working with airline industry (Emirates): Individuals interested in finding a job which can provide a good career prospects which will provide the option to travel the entire world and enjoying all the benefits as a part of the Emirates group then its hard to find the better industry than airlines and specially working for the Emirates one of the worlds best flight. There are number of benefits packages for the employees and career development programmers the group provides. In the further studies about the airline industry in the Unites States Of America there are nearly 100 airlines and 500,000 peoples are employed by them many of the positions provide excellent benefit packages, Emirates as world class airlines travels to providing services in 56 countries and expected to be added more in 2010 creates more job opportunities than the USA and runs a great reward system. Emirates Group: Emirates Group as a world class airline provides a very wide range generous benefits to the permanent employees who are employed globally. The group follows a detailed research and analysis on compensation and benefits policies by doing so the group can retain the top talented employees. This case study provides the understanding of the total benefits working for the Emirates, the reward system the company includes the cash and non cash elements. The Summary explains the basic elements of the Emirates group reward for the employees, this explanation for the compensation and reward system provides the information for the candidates working for the emirates group depending on what are their role and the unique skills and personality. The Najm award scheme is the reward and recognition program me of the Emirates Group. The Najm (Star in Arabic) recognizes, motivates and awards employees that either display exceptional behavioral competencies (going the extra mile) or identifies organizational improvements (enhanced safety, reduced cost or improved revenue) Cash elements rewards in emirates group Competitive salary and progression through salary range Emirates employees enjoy the competitive salary into cash; depending on the country they like E.g. The employees working in Dubai and K.S.A enjoy the tax free salary per month and rest all countries pays the normal tax depending on their countys legislations. Salaries are paid depending on their role and knowledge and specialization that the candidate can input into the role, the group carries a research with the relevant businesses and reviews on regular basis in order to remain competitive in providing the rewards to their employees. Employees receives the increase in salary range by the company when the responsibilities have been increased it is provided to keep employees motivates as money is a biggest motivator and used to divert route of employees to a desirable direction. Allowances The Group provides the accommodation for their employees or they give out the allowances for accommodation and it also provides the transport allowance or transport. The candidates in specific roles are only eligible for this role. Profit share schemes The company runs the profit share schemes to the employees depending on the financial statements of the group. Protection in exchange rate scheme The employees who works in the UAE their 50% of the salary is protected against adverse exchange rate towards dirham and your currency classification Professional allowance For the employees who possess the specialization skills company runs the scheme of recognizing their talents. Non Cash elements rewards in Emirates Group Annual leave The company provides 30 days of the annual leave excluding the public holidays. The annual leave will increase depending on the length of service. Gratuity/pension schemes Company runs a gratuity/pension schemes depending of the labor law rules and regulations of the country they work/ live in. For example in UK, if an employee signs up for the pensions Schemes Company deducts certain amount and pays monthly pension after the retirement age. The UAE labor law the employees are provided a gratuity on the end of service. This type of service is available to the candidates depending of the conditions like of employment and circumstances. Free holiday tickets Free holidays tickets are provided to the employees and their dependants/family for the destinations of their holiday and also runs schemes that employees can buy a ticket for the families and friends on the discounted fare. Education allowances Company provides financial support for their employees towards their tuition fees for the employees who are on senior positions to train them to requisite job skills besides these childrens of employees are allowed to claim the education allowance for the time of entire time of service. Insurance Insurances like Medical, Dental, life and Accident are provided to the employees throughout the length of service they are with the company. Provident funds On leaving the company employees are provided the provident fund that they have been saving throughout the service company decides either to pay the Gratuity or provident fund whichever is the higher the provident fund is like the long time savings of an employee with the company employee have to contribute 5% and company inputs 12% of the basic salary. Emirates card Emirates employees enjoy the privilege of being an emirates employee they can enjoys the benefits throughout the 1000s of outlets of the emirates group in UK and around the world. Additional reward system in Emirates Group Recognition reward from supervisors Employees with emirates enjoys the rewards from the supervisors when they feel the value of the candidate that they are performing consistently this the simple way to say thanks by words or by writing a thanks giving letter or by providing them an appraisal. Bibliography 1. The industry handbook Airline Industry available at: www.investopedia.com accessed on 21 February 2010. 2. Linked reward system you get what you reward available at: www.1000ventures.com accessed on 22 February 2010. 3. Donna, D.(2007) :How to recognize and reward employees 2nd ED. New York: AMACOM.(PP 61) 4. The Emirates Grout Company Overview: Available at : www.theemiratesgroup.com accessed on 23 February 2010

Mackenzie King - Canadian Prime Minister :: essays research papers

The greatest Prime Minister of Canada was? Mackenzie King our 10thPrime Minister of Canada and by far one of our greatest. William Lyon Mackenzie King accomplished a lot in his twenty-0ne years of ministering our Country Canada! "It is what we prevent, rather than what we do that counts most in Government." (Mackenzie King august 26, 1936) This statement sums up the best secrets of Mackenzie King's success as prime minister, and perhaps, the key to governing Canada effectively. King's record of prime minister is sometimes difficult to judge. He had no uninteresting images, he gave no repetitive speeches, and he champions no drastic stage. He is remembered for his easygoing, passive compromise and conciliation (Gregory, page 267). Yet Mackenzie King led Canada for a total of twenty-two years, through half the Depression and all of the Second World War. Like every other prime minister, he had to possess ambition, endurance and determination to become prime minister and, in spite if appearances, his accomplishments in that role required political acuity, decisiveness and faultless judgment. William Lyon Mackenzie King was born in Berlin (later renamed Kitchener), Ontario in 1874. His father was a lawyer and his maternal grandfather was William Lyon Mackenzie, leader of the 1837 Rebellion in Upper Canada. From an early age, King identified with his grandfather, an association that influenced him throughout his political life. King studied economics and law at the University of Toronto also, the University of Chicago. After graduating with an M.A. in 1897, he pursued his studies at Harvard. In 1900, he entered the civil service and became Deputy Minister of the new Department of Labor. King joined the Liberal party and won a seat in the 1908 election. The following year he was chosen Minister of Labor in Prime Minister Sir Wilfred Laurier's Cabinet. After he lost his seat in the 1911 election, King worked as a labor advisor for the Rockefeller Foundation in the United States. He ran and lost again in the 1917 election. "Parliament will decide, he liked to say when pressed to act". Unlike most English-speaking Liberals, he stood by Laurier in opposition to conscription (Johnson, page 134). In 1919, King was elected leader of the Liberal party in the first leadership convention held in Canada. The party was still unpleasantly divided, with some Liberals in the Union government and some in Opposition. King stood on conscription two years before it won him the loyalty of Quebec.

Stereotyping in The Way We Lie by Stephanie Ericsson Essay -- stereoty

In the essay The Way We Lie, Stephanie Ericsson writes that â€Å"All the ‘isms’-racism, sexism, ageism, et al.-are founded on and fueled by the stereotype and the clichà ©, which are lies of exaggeration, omission, and ignorance. They are always dangerous. They take a single tree and make it a landscape.† This quote is important due to the fact that stereotypes play a major role in many aspects of our society. In American society we have a tendency to pass judgment on people just because of a pre-existing stereotype that our society has formed on particular groups over the years. American Society tends to create stereotypes because of the simplicity it adds to our lives, but stereotypes can cause us to oversimplify the characteristics of others, encourage prejudice, and can even create many more severe dangers. Everyday we experience stereotyping in one way or another. Over the years stereotyping has become such a large part of our society that it is a vital part of our everyday communication. It has caused many of us to not really think about who a person really is, or what they are about, but to accept instead a certain stereotype that has already been created by our society and given to an individual. Stephanie Ericsson makes an excellent point in her essay when she says â€Å"they take a single tree, and make it into a landscape.† The statement she was trying to make by saying this is that many times, a stereotype is made by an individual because of something done by one particular person in a certain group, but is then given to the whole group as a result. Our society has given a stereotype to practically every form of human being out there. Some examples of this are the blond that is said to be dumb, the kid with glasse... ...ypes. These crimes are called â€Å"hate crimes†, and are directed towards a particular individual not because of something he or she has done, but simply because of the group they belong to. Hundreds of innocent people die each year due to a title that was created for them. Because of a stereotype that some other individual somewhere in our society created, and decided certain individuals belong, and should be hated for, innocent people in our society end up being killed. It is not fair for innocent people to die. Nor is it even fair for any individual to have to walk down the street, knowing that they are hated because of something that is beyond their control. Whether it be their skin color, hair color, appearance, or the way they walk, it can be a stereotypical characteristic that creates the risk of being judged by another individual, or perhaps even killed.

Power and Authority that affects English Language Essay

All languages change over time, and vary from place to place. In my opinion, English language is the most influenced by the change. I must say lots of factors affect language. It may be because of political or social pressures, such us invasions, imigration and colonisation. It may also change because of latest inventions, such as transport, domestic appliances and industrial equipment, or new sports and entertainment, because they also need new vocabluary. But, language can change by less obvious things. Language changes whenever speakers come into a communication with each other. Every person speaks differently from others, everybody has there own ‘idiolect’. There are no people who speak identically: people from different geographical places clearly speak differently, but even within the same small community there are variations according to a speaker’s age, gender, ethnicity and social and educational background. English language was changing from the days of Roman empire. Then anglo-saxon invasions also affected it bringing every day life words like: woman, house, loaf, then Christian missionary came in, bringing latin language and using some of its words. After that, Vikings came along bringing thousands of new words. Inavasion of William the Conqueror in 1066 brought many new words to English language from French. The 100 year war against France that happened after, also changed English language a lot. As we all know William Shakspeare about 2000 words and phrases. Shakespeare showed the world that English language was a rich and beautiful language, with limitless expressions and emotional power. It was a huge affect on English language was when in 1611 King James made a new translation of Bible so everybody will read and understand it. In 1660’s there were a lot of scientists in England and it brought a whole new words to the language. The English people started to explore the world and travel, where they found new words. Then british went to America and invented new words for new animals and things they found there. Then the new technologies took place. New inventions like radio, television, fridge needed new vocabluary. Speaking of a technology, their role in our lives is astonishing. Its effect on the way we communicate has changed the English language forever. The way we speak today is really different from the way we spoke before the internet became so widely used. Phone calls, to my mind, changed little: we still use the same methods to  greet and say good bye, for example. What is deffinitely different, however, is the way we write today. That is the area where technology has had a HUGE impact. It brought with it a whole new etiquette, as well as new conventions and new abbreviations, such as IMO (in my opinion) and FYI (for your information). And it introduced the idea that WORDS IN UPPER CASE MEAN WE ARE SHOUTING, while lower case writing is the accepted form. Mobile phones has had a much bigger impact. The way we write our text messages is now so widely accepted that it has become a mainstream: OMG (oh my God), idk (I don’t know), Ikr (I know right), and etc. And then we have the sudden rise of blogging. There are now millions of blogs worldwide. Add to that the even-more-baffling growth of the key social networking websites – Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook. So, to sum up: email + texting + blogging + social networking sites = people writing more how they speak and less like they used to write. Writing correctly still happens when it is either for your Boss, parent or a teacher. After people started using Television almost everywhere, language started changing depending on what TV shows are you watching or what channels are you watching. It might be a BBC News or Royal Family News where they all speak RP(recieved pronuanciation) to be more clear to people or it might be for example a cooking programme when people start using cookers terminology. Inventions like radio and iPod also made music more available to everybody. So the type of music you listen will affect on how your language will change. Popular singers are icons mostly for younger generation, so they have the authority to change language. New technologies made it more easier to communicate with outside world: trains, plains, ships made it much easier to travel and communicate with a wide range of different people, which obviously has a different idiolects and diolects. Also our language changes depending on to whom, where and why we speak. Through our interactions with these different speakers, we encounter new words, expressions and pronunciations and integrate them into our own speech. For example when you speak to your parents, your speach is more  formal and correct. But it is much different when you speak to your friends or peers. Your speach and words are more informal and pronouncation of words is different. The type of school we’ve studied in, also affects our language. In private shools, because children are from higher social classes and their background is more wealthy, they speak more posh and ‘correct’. When people from public schools speak more ‘chavy’ and use more slang. Also your ethnicity and the area you live or lived in: urban or city area, has really big affect on our dialect. Ethnicity affects because your dialect changes depending on who your ancestors were and what is your actual language. For example if you are french you have a specific accent and dialect. Also if you live in a city the way you speak is different than if you were from an urban area. Because in city there are much more people more influences, tourists bring different words and traditions, fast pace of life, they have own technical or city jargon, when in rural areas they a kind of country language, things take long time to change. This affects language change. The job or your interests change dialect, the words you use and how you say them. Because different jobs use different terminology and some people may use them in their everyday lifes and create a kind of new slang. Scoial class plays a big role aswell. The higher the person is on the social ladder, the more educated that person is likely to be. With a better education, a person will likely speak more properly. His or her sentences will be well formulated and slang will be at a minimum. The lower person is on a social ladder, the less educated a person is likely to be. And with less education, a person will likely speak with a looser form of a language. But it doesn’t happen always, people can be different. All of this things change our language. Language always changes and Every successive generation makes its own small contribution to language change and when sufficient time has elapsed the impact of these changes becomes more obvious. But will the same things change our language in future, and how fast it will change. Will language be completely different from the one we speak today, or will it change a little. We don’t know what people in future will think how is correct to say and write. Language is the most unpredictable and rapidly changing thing and the way it changes depends on us.

The Advertising Industry Has Three Major Sectors

Advertising Advertising, generally speaking, is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually performed by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. Advertising involves the process where in a massage is designed so as to promote a product, a thought, an idea or even a service. The concept of advertising has assumed a dynamic form with the use of the various mediums of communication. From the newspaper, magazines, posters, neon and fluorescent signboards, billboards to the commercial on TV, laser shows to inflated high-rise figures and objects, advertising has come a long way. The work is formidable as it spearheads a process intended to attract, modify, change and influences public opinion. From the local business to multinational firm and all need to advertise. While politicians, social organizations, government special groups need to advertise their motto, national airlines, auto mobile manufactures, food and consumer goods manufacturers have to reach the consumer. Specialist products and services are often advertised through trade magazines and exhibitions. Lately mail-shots, handbill circulation, special offers have become very popular. There are still other ways of advertising. There are window displays, display on telephone directories, transit sign on buses, lamp posters, banners, etc. Advertising through the electronic media has been perhaps the most popular medium. Advertising, as an effective medium, uses a variety of techniques to create effective advertisements. A basic appeal is at the heart of advertising. Slogans and product characters are created to catch the attention of the viewers. Most winning advertisements would encompass factual information with emotional appeal. The advertising industry has three major sectors. †¢Business or organization which wishes to advertise, Media which provides the medium for advertising and †¢Ad-agency which creates the ad to suit the need of the firm. Ad agencies vary in the size and turnover. Nevertheless the process of creating an ad remains the same. The annual expenditure on the advertising has been to the tune of Rs 8000 crores and the figure could be higher. USA has projected media spending on advertising on the net to approximately $7700 by the turn of the century. The scope for advertising professionals c ertainly shows an upward trend.

Science Lab

Purpose: To find out the densities and to find out the name of the unknown metals. (Based on the extensive and intensive properties) Check up the words mass, volume, density, extensive properties, and intensive properties. Where do the units for mass and volume) come from and what do they mean? What is the density of distilled water? What is Archimedes principle? Does temperature affect the density of a solid? Liquid? Gas? Materials: Safety glasses, 10, 25 or 50 mL graduated cylindersDistilled water Metal Samples W, X,Y & Z Procedure: 1. Class split into 5 groups. Every group will get data for four metals and tell it to the class 2. Choose a metal sample for every group then pass it around between groups. 3. Set a number of your metal sample and record the mass in the table. 4. Get a gradated cylinder with distilled water, but not to much to make it over flow when sample is put in. Record the amount of water in the cylinder accurately 5.Then tip the cylinder to about 45 degrees t hen put sample into it slowly, DON’T spill any water or have to restart. Make sure no air bubbles are clinging. Then take down final volume of water cylinder. 6. Dump the water out, then dry sample off. 7. Repeat this over with the other metal samples. * Hypothesis: * My hypothesis is that even though I will find the densities and names of the unknown metals its not going to be accurate because some water will spill out.Many people are going to come up with the different names because they aren’t care full enough. Mass of metal | | | | | | Initial volume of water | | | | | | Final volume | | | | | | Volume of metal | | | | | | ExperimentalDensity of metal | | | | | | Group Data| | | | | | | Metal W| Metal X| Metal Y| Metal Z| | Class Data: Mass and Volumes of each groups’ metal samples| Lab Group| Metal W| Metal X| Metal Y| Metal Z| 1| | | | | | | | | 2| | | | | | | | | 3| | | | | | | | | 4| | | | | | | | | 5| | | | | | | | | Total *| | | | | | | | | Class Exp.D ensity *| | | | | * 1. Show an example of how your group calculated the experimental densities of your group samples and the class samples. 1. Graph the class data using mass as the x axis and volume as the y axis, (title the graph and make a legend or key for the various metal samples). 1. Compare your group’s experimental density to that of the class’s experimental density from the graph and make comment as to their relative accuracies. 1.Research the possible identities of the metals based on their extensive properties (density, radioactivity, heat capacity, conductivity, lethal exposure/dosage, etc. ) and intensive properties (color, texture, luster, magnetism, reactivity, etc. ). 1. Make a claim as to the identity of the various metals based on their extensive and intensive properties. Calculate the % error for each of your claims for both your group’s experimental values and the class’s. Show an example of each type of calculation and make a table r epresenting the organized results. *

Imprisonment In This Way For The Gas English Literature Essay

Imprisonment: it can take many signifiers, traditional imprisonment in a penitentiary, a non actual signifier of feeling imprisoned by being impoverished, and the actual signifier, a concentration cantonment. But the signifier that is rather misunderstood and undertaken is imprisonment in literature. Imprisonment in literature can germinate and stem out so many different ways. You could depict the life of a concentration cantonment victim, to a immature male child trapped by his parents in his place, or a immature adult male populating up in trees. This signifier of imprisonment is the most unostentatious signifier of seeing imprisonment, although many plants of literature show us how their characters are imprisoned. Its dry how a adult male sitting in a prison will read a fresh, or aggregation of short narratives, who might non be in the same state of affairs as him, but understand what is traveling on to him, that imprisoned supporter. Tadeusz Borowski and Italo Calvino have master fully incorporated and portrayed the motive and subject of imprisonment into their plants This Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen and Baron In The Trees severally, along with enticing and elaborate enunciation, their plants make for great literature. This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, is written by a Polish Holocaust subsister Tadeusz Borowski, and is the rubric piece and first narrative of his aggregation of short narratives. Borowski was non one of the Jews, but a poet who suffered from depression. For this ground, the Nazis had sufficient ground to confine him at Auschwitz and Dachau because he was considered a political captive. Borowski ‘s positions toward his fellow captives and the Nazis were reasonably different than usually seen by concentration cantonment subsisters, chiefly because he was non Judaic. Harmonizing to Karen Bernarda, â€Å" it was n't that Borowski ‘s viewed his captivity in any more positive footings than the Jews with who he was imprisoned with, but he does non look to be able to divide the captives and the Nazis into scoundrels and victims. † In the narrative, This Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen, the storyteller Tadek, has become a member of a group called â€Å" Can ada † , which was responsible for rummaging through the Jews single properties in hunt of any concealed hoarded wealths they can salvage. Tadek, nevertheless, does in fact know that most or all these people coming off the trains are traveling to be sent to the gas Chamberss, and yet decides non state them this. During this clip, nevertheless, Tadek feels profound indignity about his occupation, but he besides believes the Jews are the 1s responsible for their imprisonment in the concentration cantonments, and besides feels it was the heartsick Jews who have destined him to experience ashamed of himself. Borowski says, â€Å" [ aˆÂ ¦ ] I am ferocious, merely ferocious with these people-furious because I must be here because of them. I feel no commiseration. I am non regretful they ‘re traveling to the gas chamber. Curse them all! I could throw myself at them, crush them with my fists. ( Borowski 116 ) † The unjust statement that Tadek is seeking to demo is that even the concentration cantonment captives who worked for the Nazis suffered every bit much as the Jews did, even though they were a*llowed to last. Bu*t they were besides forced to wo*rk for the Nazis which was, for Borowski, even more dehumanizing than being allowed to decease. Captive workers were forced to transport dead Jews to the crematory, every bit good as informant countless other sickening and ugly Acts of the Apostless. Not merely is Tadek imprisoned physically, he is imprisoned mentally every bit good. Just the sheer fact that person is running your life, and non allowing you do your ain determinations or picks, makes you experience as though you are an captive slave. If you were non mentally capable of taking this into consideration it was really improbable that you would hold survived in the Holocaust. It took a great trade of mental and physical strength to acquire through the imprisonment techniques of the Na zi government. Set in the peaceable vale of Ombrosa during the period of rational and societal agitation, Italo Calvino ‘s The Baron in the Trees relates the narrative of Cosimo Piovasco di Rondo , along with Cosimo ‘s brother Biagio, whom is the storyteller, provides the history and long standing tenseness of their household. Cosimo ‘s male parent, Baron Arminio, married the General of the War of Succession, Corradina. The Baron, who is â€Å" half-mad with a malicious run † , seems to mistreat his kids continuously ; and while Corradina is contending in the war on horseback it finally causes the kids to run rampantly, go brainsick, and finally non listen to their male parent. One twenty-four hours, when the Baron invites the Courts of France to tiffin at midday, Battista arrives with her new Gallic culinary art repast, snails. When Arminio forces Cosimo to eat the snails, it comes evident to Cosimo and the reader that he can no longer manage his male parent ‘s maltr eatment and shouting. Fling from the tabular array and ramping out of the house, Cosimo uses his ability to mount up a unrecorded oak tree in the backyard. In contrast to This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, Cosimo escaped the imprisonment and rough jokes of his male parent in order to populate a better life. However, Cosimo was come ining into another captive life style, one in the trees. Bing that Cosimo is imprisoned in the trees, he is deprived of the points, pleasances, and chances that lie merely beneath him on the land, This would take one to the idea that your pick will pin down you, whether it be an experiential pick or non. Your pick will take to a different way, a way that has an unpredictable hereafter. Possibly an captive life style is merely inevitable. Possibly with every determination you make you are come ining more and more into the imprisonment of your ain life. Unknowing what will go on in the hereafter, Cosimo jumps out of the trees and into the hot air b alloon, he now becomes imprisoned within that hot air balloon for an unknown sum of clip. Harmonizing to Jessica Page Morrell, â€Å" Whatever your themes-abandonment, loneliness, anarchy, justness, the dangers of seduction-the scene can heighten these constructs. † In This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentleman, Tadeusz Borowski provides the grotesque, inhumane, scene of the Holocaust in order to supply a double penetration to the life of the Judaic and non-Jewish captives in the concentration cantonments. Borowski gives us a brief thought of how stray these cantonments were, and how he himself was isolated. Morrell states that â€Å" geographics and conditions are used most frequently as devices for isolation, † and being that these concentration cantonments were so far from any type of civilisation it is an first-class scene and topographic point for the short narratives. Right off Borowski starts his first short narrative with, â€Å" All of us walk around naked. The delousing is eventually over, and our stripy suits are back from the armored combat vehi cles of Cyclone B solution [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the heat is intolerable. The cantonment has been sealed off tight ( Borowski 29 ) . † This is a premier illustration of how scene enhanced the subject of imprisonment all while demoing the inhumane and unethical patterns used by the Nazis. The scene of Baron In The Trees is unvaried throughout the novel, but the chief scene would be in the trees. From the trees, Cosimo explained to his brother, he could see the Earth more visibly. Free from the dull modus operandi of an earthbound being, the Baron had antic escapades with plagiarists, adult females and undercover agents, and still had clip to read, and survey. Cosimo ‘s imprisonment, was non bad at all times, he got to bask some of the pleasance that people on the land have the award of making. The scene of Baron In The Trees non merely enhances the subject of the novel, but it besides develops a sense of topographic point that plays â€Å" an synergistic facet of the fictional novel that saturates temper and intending all while doing the reader rely on ocular and centripetal mentions ( Morrell 171 ) . † Harmonizing to the Merriam-Webster dictionary imprisonment agencies, to set in or as if in prison ; confine, and literature means inventive or originative authorship. When put together, the thoughts are implausible ; the writer takes the reader into a whole other universe. This Way For The Gas, Ladies and Gentelmen and Baron in The Trees, are two first-class plants of literature which portray the imprisonment of their several characters finely. Word Count: 1,454